Cellular Respiration
Standard 20 SC.8.L.18.2- Describe and investigate how cellular respiration breaks down food to provide energy and releases carbon dioxide.
Cellular respiration is the process where sugars (glucose) is converted into usable energy (ATP). Cellular respiration involves 3 steps which all take place in the mitochondria. Cellular Respiration takes place in both plants and animals.
Cellular Respiration has an equation which is one glucose molecule plus six oxygen molecules produces six carbon dioxide molecules, six water molecules, and 36-38 molecules of ATP.
Step 1 Glycolysis: Glycolysis involves the breaking down of glucose molecules from carbohydrates into molecules of pyruvate, which will continue on to the Krebs Cycle ( The next step in this process). Glycolysis happens in the cytosol of a cell. This process can proceed even without the presence of oxygen. In this process a phosphate is taken from ATP (which becomes ADP) and added to the glucose molecule. The position of the glucose molecule is changed, so that it becomes its isomer, fructose. Then the molecule gets cut apart , producing two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate. These pyruvate molecules are then ready to enter the Krebs Cycle.
Step 2 Krebs Cycle: During the Krebs cycle two carbon molecules are changed into CO2 (carbon dioxide). The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates chemical energy (ATP, NADH, and FADH2) to end glycolysis.Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria (Part of a cell) and loses carbon dioxide to form acetyl-CoA which is a 2-carbon molecule. When acetyl-CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide in the Krebs cycle, chemical energy is released and captured in the form of NADH, FADH2, and ATP ( The chemical energy I mentioned earlier).
Step 3 The Electron Transport chain: The electron transport chain allows the release of the large amount of chemical energy stored.
The energy released is captured in the form of ATP. The electron transport chain is a network of electron-carrying proteins located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. These proteins transfer electrons from one to another.the electron transport chain produces a gradient through which usable energy (ATP) can be made.
Basically this all means that cells generate energy by breaking down carbohydrates-especially glucose. The breakdown occurs in a series of small steps, several of which release sufficient energy to support the conversion of food to energy. And as for the Carbon Dioxide being released, The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water occurs during glycolysis in cellular respiration. The carbon dioxide is a waste product so therefore it is released.
Vocabulary:
ATP: Usable energy.
Electron Transport Chain: a network of electron-carrying proteins located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
Glucose: Sugar.
Things that you should know:
-Cellular Respiration takes place in plants and animals
-Cellular respiration is the process where sugars (glucose) is converted into usable energy (ATP).
-Cellular respiration involves 3 steps (Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and The Electron Transport chain)
-cells generate energy by breaking down carbohydrates-especially glucose the breakdown occurs in a series of small steps, several of which release sufficient energy to support the conversion of food to energy.
-The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water occurs during glycolysis in cellular respiration. The carbon dioxide is a waste product so therefore it is released.
Cellular Respiration has an equation which is one glucose molecule plus six oxygen molecules produces six carbon dioxide molecules, six water molecules, and 36-38 molecules of ATP.
Step 1 Glycolysis: Glycolysis involves the breaking down of glucose molecules from carbohydrates into molecules of pyruvate, which will continue on to the Krebs Cycle ( The next step in this process). Glycolysis happens in the cytosol of a cell. This process can proceed even without the presence of oxygen. In this process a phosphate is taken from ATP (which becomes ADP) and added to the glucose molecule. The position of the glucose molecule is changed, so that it becomes its isomer, fructose. Then the molecule gets cut apart , producing two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate. These pyruvate molecules are then ready to enter the Krebs Cycle.
Step 2 Krebs Cycle: During the Krebs cycle two carbon molecules are changed into CO2 (carbon dioxide). The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates chemical energy (ATP, NADH, and FADH2) to end glycolysis.Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria (Part of a cell) and loses carbon dioxide to form acetyl-CoA which is a 2-carbon molecule. When acetyl-CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide in the Krebs cycle, chemical energy is released and captured in the form of NADH, FADH2, and ATP ( The chemical energy I mentioned earlier).
Step 3 The Electron Transport chain: The electron transport chain allows the release of the large amount of chemical energy stored.
The energy released is captured in the form of ATP. The electron transport chain is a network of electron-carrying proteins located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. These proteins transfer electrons from one to another.the electron transport chain produces a gradient through which usable energy (ATP) can be made.
Basically this all means that cells generate energy by breaking down carbohydrates-especially glucose. The breakdown occurs in a series of small steps, several of which release sufficient energy to support the conversion of food to energy. And as for the Carbon Dioxide being released, The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water occurs during glycolysis in cellular respiration. The carbon dioxide is a waste product so therefore it is released.
Vocabulary:
ATP: Usable energy.
Electron Transport Chain: a network of electron-carrying proteins located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
Glucose: Sugar.
Things that you should know:
-Cellular Respiration takes place in plants and animals
-Cellular respiration is the process where sugars (glucose) is converted into usable energy (ATP).
-Cellular respiration involves 3 steps (Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and The Electron Transport chain)
-cells generate energy by breaking down carbohydrates-especially glucose the breakdown occurs in a series of small steps, several of which release sufficient energy to support the conversion of food to energy.
-The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water occurs during glycolysis in cellular respiration. The carbon dioxide is a waste product so therefore it is released.